Encoding & Crypto— Guides & Articles

• How to Decipher a Rail Fence Cipher: Match the Convention

  Published 2026-08-09

  Decipher a Rail Fence cipher by matching the sender's convention, choosing the right rail count, and reversing the zigzag in your browser.

  

• Convert an IDN Domain to Punycode: Label-by-Label Steps

  Published 2026-08-09

  Convert an IDN domain to Punycode label by label in your browser. See which label gets xn--, validate round-trip, and learn what raw RFC 3492 does not do.

  

• Verify a Password Meets Active Directory's Complexity Rules

  Published 2026-08-09

  Active Directory's default policy requires 8+ characters from 3 of 5 character groups. Read your actual policy, then test any candidate locally before…

  

• How to Translate Morse Code Into Numbers

  Published 2026-08-09

  Translate Morse code into numbers using the official ITU alphabet. Each digit 0–9 has a fixed five-symbol pattern. Try it in your browser instantly.

  

• HTML Entity Encoder/Decoder Alternative That Runs Locally

  Published 2026-08-09

  Skip server-side encoders that upload your text. A browser-based HTML entity encoder/decoder runs locally and applies the full WHATWG reference table.

  

• How to Generate an HMAC-SHA256 Signature: Byte-Exact Steps

  Published 2026-08-09

  Generate an HMAC-SHA256 signature in your browser. Pick SHA-256, type the key and message as UTF-8 or hex bytes, and copy the full 32-byte tag.

  

• Convert a File to Base64 in TypeScript: Browser-Side Steps

  Published 2026-08-08

  Handle binary files in TypeScript with the browser File API. Convert to canonical RFC 4648 Base64, avoid btoa pitfalls, and decode back to a file in your tab.

  

• Calculate CRC for a HEX File: ISO-HDLC Bytes and Steps

  Published 2026-08-08

  Calculate a CRC for a hex file using CRC-32/ISO-HDLC with polynomial 0xEDB88320. Extract covered bytes, paste them, and verify the eight-digit hex result.

  

• How to Calculate a Checksum in Computer Networks

  Published 2026-08-08

  A checksum in computer networks catches bit errors. See the formulas for XOR-8 BCC, Modbus ASCII LRC, and a one-byte sum, then verify locally.

  

• How to Encrypt a Caesar Cipher: Step-by-Step

  Published 2026-08-08

  Encrypt a Caesar cipher with any shift from 0 to 25. Apply the classic 26-letter shift in your browser while preserving case, numbers, and punctuation.